It might be due to your growing uterus, constipation or trapped wind. moomonster85. Third at 8 wks., normal miscarriage. (2017). Descubra as melhores solu es para a sua patologia com Homeopatia e Medicina Natural Outros Remdios Relacionados: 6 Weeks Pregnant Twins Symptoms; 6 Week Pregnant Twins Symptoms; 6 Weeks Pregnant Twins Symptoms Mumsnet; 6 Weeks Pregnant Twins Signs i actually had no pregnancy symptoms until the third trimester (and then i had horrible horrible heartburn!) 9 dpo - morning beta = 3; afternoon FRER = bfp. The baby's circulatory and urinary systems are functioning at a more advanced stage. Karen Miles is a writer and an expert on pregnancy and parenting who has contributed to BabyCenter for more than 20 years. Showing at 6 weeks and only 2nd pregnancy! Because you've had a miscarriage in the past they should refer you with no trouble as you are bound to worry. I was much sicker. I do not know if this is serious or not but hate to take a chance. (TW: loss). Other than that, really uneventful. I guess we should enjoy it.". Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit . DOI: Whatdoes it mean if you have no morning sickness? mood swings. I tested everyday, as my period was still late. 7 weeks pregnant lifestyle. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. I have lost three now so far. Hi Alisha, the only time I felt awful was through tiredness but I got prescribed iron tablets and that has eased up a lot now. They should be offered early scans as routine and not have to beg for one. Pregnancy is divided into 3 chunks, called "trimesters". I've been pregnant 4 times (2 CP, 1 DC, 1 current pregnancy). That might also explain your strange early pregnancy test result. Don't worry. pinky spotting while 7weeks pregnant with very very light cramps Is this a sign of pregnancy? Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. By this point, most women feel tired and may have nausea and vomiting, swollen breasts, and frequent urination. We strive to provide you with a high quality community experience. By the 2nd trimester you will probably have lots more energy and all those signs of early pregnancy will gradually fade away. Useful tools. Hi all Im 4 and a half weeks pregnant, i had a misscarriage last november and i am experiencing cramoing pain again, i went to the doctor this morning to confirm my pregancy as i only found out over the weekend, well to say the least he was very nice about it he told me i would more than likely miscarry again because the pains, and was jus told to wait and see, well i couldnt wait and see so i went to the maternity hospital and they done a scan but couldn see anything because its too early, so now waiting for my blood tests to come back to see what my hormone level is Hi, I'm 4 weeks pregnant and siffering from suffer cramps, i have been to the hospital and been checked out and sent away, I am getting really worried, i have never had cramps this bad, they make me cry out in pain, is this normal, i don't know what to do. 12 weeks scan in 9 days!!! No symptoms.. feel great at 4 weeks +3 days. 1. does apothic red wine have sulfites; robert mccann obituary california; X. Symptoms of the flu usually include fever, achiness, fatigue, and headache, along with a runny or stuffy nose . I had spotting with my first at 4w and cramping but no other symptoms my entire pregnancy with my 1st IVF baby. I haven't even been craving my normal junk food fix I normally have for the week leading up to AF. I don't have sore boobs, no fatigue, no morning sickness, and no frequent urination. Your baby is still teeny-tiny: About the size of a . Fluid or tissue passing from your vagina. I will be 7 weeks tomorrow and since I woke up this morning I haven't felt sick or bloated at all. Does having no symptoms mean I'll have a miscarriage? I've been pregnant 4 times (2 CP, 1 DC, 1 current pregnancy). AxiomThemes 2022. A Group Owner is a member that has initiated the creation of a group to connect with other members to share their journey through the same pregnancy & baby stages. You might have heard that decreased morning sickness means youre having a boy. 7 weeks pregnant but no symptoms-panicking!!! back pain. Vaginal bleeding. I have slightly sore and enlarged breasts but no sickness or nausea or other symptoms. Register now Mumsnet Logo. Congrats on your pregnancy! X. MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. Find advice, support and good company (and some stuff just for fun). turned out i was having twins. So should we praise nausea and vomiting as signs of a healthy pregnancy? I'm now 9+3 and still don't feel pregnant, try to relax and enjoy feeling good because you never know they could all hit at once. This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. You'll hear your baby's heartbeat, and you'll feel your baby's movements. Consuming turmeric in pregnancy is a debated subject. Some warning signs of a pregnancy loss without bleeding include: a sudden decrease in pregnancy signs. 28/09/2021 17:36, Hey! Cramps are another common early pregnancy symptom, and 9 DPO cramping is no exception. Thus, girl babies are rumored to come with days of intense morning sickness, and being pregnant with baby boys should be smooth sailing in comparison. You may experience morning sickness. My MW was amazing and I rang her a lot, she got me in to check over etc a lot more than she should. Found out I was expecting two weeks ago this coming Sunday. clear blue pregnancy tests .not pregnant but 2 lines help !!! my third has probably been my easiest pregnancy, had mild nausea for a few weeks, I am very tired though. Get the facts on how twins and multiples are formed and your chance of carrying more than one baby at a time. I haven't had many symptoms up to now really, slight nausea, tiredness, couple of headaches and a bit of indigestion, sore boobs. Common symptoms at 5 weeks pregnant include: In a week or so, you may join the 70 percent of women who have pregnancy symptoms by 6 weeks pregnant. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107351/, jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2553283, Weird Early Pregnancy Symptoms No One Tells You About, 4 Weeks Pregnant: Symptoms, Tips, and More, Cramps but No Period: 7 Early Pregnancy Symptoms, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, What Are the Symptoms of Hyperovulation?, Pregnancy Friendly Recipe: Creamy White Chicken Chili with Greek Yogurt, What You Should Know About Consuming Turmeric During Pregnancy, Pregnancy-Friendly Recipe: Herby Gruyre Frittata with Asparagus and Sweet Potatoes, The Best Stretch Mark Creams and Belly Oils for Pregnancy in 2023. I'm going through so many stages of having positive thoughts to the next of thinking I'm pregnant and tears coming to my eyes because I'm so worried. It sounds odd to say but apart from my little bump I don't feel pregnant. If you're experiencing cramping but don't get your period, you might be pregnant. All rights reserved. 11 days late, suddenly spotting brown discharge but only when I wipe?? 7 weeks pregnant symptoms twins 7 weeks pregnant symptoms twins. 7 years ago 11 Replies. your diarrhea lasts for more than two days. Maybe you will be lucky & not have any symptoms. That means there are still many healthy pregnancies that occur with no morning sickness whatsoever. Welcome to week 10. With our first two (both boys), I had nausea from 6 weeks on the dot to 12 weeks exactly. "We tend to do more frequent ultrasounds for growth in twin . They are experienced by most women at some point during pregnancy. Aug 2, 2017 at 11:34 AM. Were you not offered a scan as reassurance after a miscarriage? Get the days best CHAT sent straight to your inbox, I have read and understood Netmums' Privacy Notice and Terms & Conditions. Hello my I am 4weeks pregnant and I had to visit ER already twice for abdominal cramps, Now I feel that it hurts when peeing, I am drinking only water, and tylenol no spoting but really scare.My Hcg levels was 210 and I am worryyy. I'm now 9+2 and doing the same to myself again because I still don't have any symptoms. mary steenburgen photographic memory. (2018). a Veja aqui Curas Caseiras, Terapias Alternativas, sobre 6 week pregnant twins symptoms. Many women have their first prenatal visit this week or at week 8.Start prenatal exercise. My Ob saved my tube. I believe that no symptoms is very normal for 4 weeks. I felt pregnant with nausea from 6 to 7 weeks and then 7 weeks all symptoms were gone for a solid week. Miscarriage is a very real concern for many women (and their partners). federal premium 300 win mag 165 grain nosler partition; star tribune obituaries this week; emory university grade deflation; how to sharpen mulcher teeth; 4 weeks no symptoms mumsnet. Not to mention our lil one is implanting this week Just get rest. Early pregnancy signs and symptoms. Maybe I'm a late developer! Anonymous. And I havent miss my period yet. Iv felt well throughout the pregnancy so far! When I did get symptoms again it was just being tired mostly. Jun 7, 2022 at 11:12 AM. so I am 5 weeks pregnant with positive pregnancy tests and Rising HCG blood tests. As many as one mum in four with a healthy pregnancy has some sort of bleeding or spotting in the first trimester. According to a study, nearly 90 percent of women with successful pregnancies experience symptoms within 8 weeks of the LMP (Last Menstrual Period). These may be signs of a problem with the pregnancy. the commitment trust theory of relationship marketing pdf; 4 weeks 3 days pregnant mumsnet. Group Leaders arent expected to spend any additional time in the community, and are not held to a set schedule. feeling sick. If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly. No one knows why some women have no pregnancy symptoms, but it doesn't mean that there's something wrong with your pregnancy. Does nomorning sickness mean youre more likely to miscarry? Not an ounce of morning sickness. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. I read that this happens when the placenta finally takes over and that it helps with exhaustion and nausea. Your baby's . I don't have sore boobs, no fatigue, no morning sickness, and no frequent urination. 7 weeks pregnant symptoms twins. nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Hi everyone, I am 11 weeks pregnant and my sickness seems to have disappeared. no longer experiencing the symptoms of pregnancy, such as feeling sick and breast tenderness. Me and my partner had intercourse yesterday and I noticed some red spotting then in the morning when I woke up in the middle of the night after Update to our rollercoaster of a journey. I'm my own worst enemy sometimes, Oh that's good news!! Sep 23, 2020 at 3:25 PM. If you're feeling cramping at 5 weeks pregnant that's severe or painful, call your doctor and get checked out to make sure it's not a sign of a problem. I'm almost 16 weeks pregnant. Learn about testing and treatment for GBS bacterium. Im about 7 weeks 4 days. I am 4 weeks today! The baby is growing rapidly, and the major organ systems of their body are beginning are to form, specifically the brain and the heart. Ive even booked an early scan. Same here, 7 weeks (tomorrow) no ms, just tired, emotional/moody, spotty and weird dreams. It was explained that there was twice the hormones going round my system. engagement. And we saw the heartbeat at 8wks. I have felt awful for the last few days but today I seem to have having a day off. So thats still 20 to 30 percent who dont have morning sickness at all! You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. when I took my tests the my were extremely faint. My symptoms were on and off until 7 weeks then they disappeared. Make sure you all share your scan photos! Im calling my doctor to see if shell take me in to be sure my levels are doubling because I dont think I Its my 1st pregnancy and Im 4 weeks and 6 day. to me they feel like im in labor but im not..can some1 please tell me whats going on? Give it a few weeks and you might feel more. The study found that for women who had experienced miscarriage once or twice before, morning sickness was very common during the first trimester and related to a reduced chance of losing the pregnancy by 50 to 75 percent. Anonymous. It usually starts around 4 to 6 weeks and lasts through the first trimester. Some moms are exhausted from the get-go and others don't feel tired until later in pregnancy, if at all. I have never had any miscarriages I have three other children. You really shouldn't worry. Note that once you confirm, this action cannot be undone. Haven't had the total exhaustion again since 8dpo. Reply. Everyone's different, but it's not uncommon to be symptom free this early on. Or it could be a sign your uterus is expanding and stretching your ligaments. We don't know why some women have no symptoms, or some symptoms and not others. hi im about 4-5 weeks pregnant with my second child and experiencing the cramps as i did with my first pregnancy, i asked midwife about it and she said it is completly normal, with my first pregnancy i had cramps throughout the whole pregnancy and everything was fine. according to WTE I'm 4w3d but shouldn't a regular test show already. the more stress you put on yourself the more stressed the baby is! Just found out. While its commonly called morning sickness, for most pregnant women this intense nausea has no time limits. Verywell / Bailey Mariner. Should I??? By 8 weeks pregnant, your womb is around the size of a lemon too small to show, but youre still going to be feeling the effects of pregnancy. Your twins' senses - smell, vision, touch, taste, and hearing - are developing and they may be able to hear your voice. So, needless to sayI am very nervous. If youre a smoker, its critically important to quit. Eat smaller meals. Only had 8 days of nausea, never actually been sick but the thing I'm struggling most with is bloatedness, and hunger! Early pregnancy symptoms (at 9 weeks) This is a tough time, but week by week you should start feeling better. I also want to add, tell them about your anxiety at book in app. Many women report nipple pain, tingling, and increased sensitivity as these changes in The Week brings you all you need to know about everything that matters. Lower abdominal pain that may be severe. Quit smoking. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. Group Leaders communicate with staff moderators and escalate potential violations for review, but they dont moderate discussions. so I am 5 weeks pregnant with positive pregnancy tests and Rising HCG blood tests. Please specify a reason for deleting this reply from the community. Learn more about. Cramps Around 4 or 5 weeks, cramping could be a sign the embryo has implanted nicely into the lining of your uterus. Everyone is different some people have minimal symptoms the entire pregnancy. : Your Baby's First Hours of Life, What the GBS Test Is and Why You Should Care. I've had no nausea, no extreme tiredness, no sore breasts and no frequent trips to the bathroom for how much water I'm drinking. Yes, it's my first too. One way that some women are able to keep sane and ride the waves of morning sickness is holding onto the hope that this discomfort means their baby is growing. But do talk with your caregiver if you had symptoms and they suddenly go away, or if you have concerning symptoms such as bleeding or spotting or abdominal pain. Sign of twins? I am 4 weeks and 2 days. (2016). Because morning sickness is such a commonly discussed first trimester symptom, it can seem odd if you dont have it. Bloat came back at exactly 8 weeks, I've been a bit more tired, but very little nausea since. I think it's just the normal cramping at the 4th week, nothing serious. I had cramping @ 8 weeks but was told by A&E that it was just a urine infection!! when i was pregnant with my first the cramping was just like really bad period pains and i would cry sometimes but i didnt bleed so there was nothing to worry about, dont stress as this will make you so much worse, and dont think about misscarrying! Was only up once the last two nights. Yep, your embryo is now measurablethough at week five of pregnancy, it's a wee 0.13 inches from crown to rump (a.k.a. Found out I was pregnant over 8 days ago. You might notice nipple sensitivity as early as one to two weeks after conception. Create an account to join the conversation. Hi all, I'm 7 weeks pregnant today, but I have no symptoms whatsoever. Extremely faint line (2days in a row). Usernames. Bustos M, et al. I miscarried once 9 years ago and I have an 8 year old so its been a while for me. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. this pregnancy was identical twins. TBH I've never felt pregnant this time apart from a few odd sore boob moments and I had a miscarriage in march. Its possible your pregnancy will end without having vaginal bleeding ( missed miscarriage ). 5 weeks pregnant: What to expect. This discussion is archived and locked for posting. Not morning sickness. pregnancy tests that show a negative result. My breast were so sore and even though they are still slightly sore it just feels as though it's going. Given below are some of the most common signs of miscarriage at 7 weeks: Abdominal cramps, which can range from mild to severe. 2019. I am also in my 4th week, haven't seen the doctor yet because they usually want you to wait a little while. And once you have an early ultrasound and the fetal heartbeat is detected it's undeniable. Passing out parts of fetal tissues. (For better or worse, morning sickness can vary from pregnancy to pregnancy.). For many women, one of the first signs of pregnancy (sometimes even before a missing period!) Association of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy with pregnancy loss. Get the facts on 10 unusual symptoms, such as tasting. Saw two little sacks and heartbeats at 5 Weeks. Almost 4 week old every evening around 7pm will kick off - arching back, arms and legs kicking and flinging around and crying. Mommy At 7 Weeks. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. If you are pregnant with multiples or worn down from illness, stress, or traveling, you may experience morning sickness to a higher degree. Its very uncomfortable to stand and still hurts when I lay down. Terms of use and Privacy Policy, Sum Of Five Consecutive Integers Inductive Reasoning, How To Tell If Parrot Fish Eggs Are Fertilized, intellij maven run configuration command line, what to say when someone calls you a coward. If no symptoms are your only concern though I think you'll be just fine like me! If the . Hi, i had a missed miscarriage september 2010. I'm 5 weeks pregnant and symptoms come and go. Felt totally fine all day. 1 That's about the size of a strawberry seed. 120 mg/d12 . This stage of pregnancy is weird - your symptoms have hopefully largely disappeared , the 12 week scan was a while ago, youre prob not feeling movement yet and youre still waiting on that 20 week scan to confirm that youre def still having a baby..! (Believe it or not, it can actually be calming to think about all the other ways this pregnancy has you hurting!). We explain morning sickness at night and ways to manage this pregnancy symptom. He's now 9 years old. Other symptoms of a miscarriage include: cramping and pain in your lower tummy. hoosier cabinet sugar bin. Tomorrow i'll have another HCG blood work but I am scare im 21 years old and im in college this is my first time being pregnant im 4weeks and I was wondering is it normal to have cramping while your pregnant, Hi i am 6 - 7 weeks preanant i since i found out i was pregnant (3 april) i have been having cramps they feel like menstral i have been the docs tice the first on tue an he said to keep an eye if got worse go back in case of eptopic i went back today they arnt any worse but just needed reasuringi had protien in my sample but no ifections is it normal to feel this cramping i never with my fisrt which turned out to be a missed misscarriage at 8 weeks an i cant remember having cramping with my litte girl wither any help advise would be greatly recieved i think im stressing which makes me think im cramping sometimes lol. We avoid using tertiary references. Reproductive Sciences 24(4):502-513. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1177/1933719116654994#Abs1 [Accessed February 2021]. Last medically reviewed on June 18, 2020. Baby is happy in there at nearly 21mm and has a good strong heartbeat Other than that I've had a little bit of come and go nausea, and whether it's psychological or not, I've been peeing like a race horse every hour and a half, it seems. I've gotten two positive First Response Early Response tests, and will be taking one tomorrow as well (even though I'm going to the doc).. But you may be lucky enough to avoid a host of unpleasant symptoms throughout pregnancy. All rights reserved. Last post: 15/02/2016 at 2:32 pm. I had spotting with my first at 4w and cramping but no other symptoms my entire pregnancy with my 1st IVF baby. There is some research to indicate nausea and vomiting may indicate a reduced risk of pregnancy loss. With my other two kids I didn't EBF and my period came back like a week after the post partum bleeding stopped 20+ Similar Discussions Found. Jun 12, 2022 . : twins run in my family my mother had two sets and my grandmother had one set and it doesn't seem to have skipped a generation atleast that I know of. Some women have morning sickness around the clock, for example, while others feel nauseated only in the mornings and others never get the least bit queasy. sadly we lost one before the 12 week scan.. but I'm now almost 19 weeks with the other twin x sending love. I am 15 wks and i dont know whats going on. A Group Leader is a What to Expect community member who has been selected by our staff to help maintain a positive, supportive tone within a group. Did you have the NT measurements taken at that scan as it's really clear and looks like all should be OK from that picture. Now with my second (Im 9w5d), my tiredness (more like *** exhaustion!!) I got a little bit of tiredness at around 8 weeks, but other than that, I wouldn't have known I was pregnant until 24 weeks when my bump started to pop out and I If you notice that you have raised, red and itchy stretch marks you have a condition called Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy (PEP). Now put your feet up and relax for a bit [emoji4] you deserve it xxxx, I had exactly the same at 6+2 no symptoms and didn't feel pregnant, went for an early scan where they seen the baby and heartbeat flickering[emoji4] they dated me at 6+3. by: Anonymous I am 8 weeks pregnant. I am not feeling any of that and it's starting to give me anxiety! Your post will be hidden and deleted by moderators. We work hard to share our most timely and active conversations with you. If your HCG levels are higher than average, you could be having twins. These cramps are usually very mild and caused by implantation, which is when the egg burrows itself into your uterus. I had spotting with my first at 4w and cramping but no other symptoms my entire pregnancy with my 1st IVF baby. My boobs are ridiculously tender and full, but I tended to have breast tenderness prior to getting my period, and according to WTE (book and website) it's more common for breast tenderness to set in if you have a tendency toward it during PMS. . H &H 9! Early pregnancy signs and symptoms. So happy for you!! No cravings, no cramping, no exhaustion. LuckyS3. Other than that, I haven't had any other signs. Was told bleeding is a common side effect in pregnancies when youre still feeding a-lot, especially overnight. Your baby's heart might . What do u think? 0. raul peralez san jose democrat or republican. As your HCG rises, you will start to Verlaine symptoms or maybe you'll be one of the lucky ones that doesn't feel much! Your pregnancy may be a challenging time for you, but do your best to follow a healthy lifestyle. Her favorite gig of all is being "Mama Karen" to four grown children and "Nana" to nine grandkids. Hi I found out last Thursday I am pregnant. twins no symptoms mumsnet. Your twins each weigh about 10.2 oz, which is about the size of a banana. The higher your levels of hCG are initially, the higher they will be throughout your entire pregnancy. Im 21 and this is my 2nd pregnancy and i thought everything was going ok. i woke up this morning and was feeling great started baking for the husband and son and then as doing so i grabbed my stomach and doubled over. I've also had cramping pains around my bladder for a couple of days which is not really painful but just constant - that's a fairly new thing but I thought I'd just ask about it at my scan, I felt really bad till now. As scared as I am for mine on Friday I also can't wait and my husband and I are doing an almost hourly countdown! Pregnant women experience this symptom 2.4 times as often as non-pregnant women. 09/05/2022 23:37. I'm so worried because of the lack of symptoms. With my first , I was mostly just tired during my first tri, and the tiredness seemed to start maybe around 7-8 weeks. A family of seven was left with no food, hot water or heating over the Jubilee bank holiday weekend. The most common cause for brown discharge is irritation. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information. I have felt pretty good since 7 weeks but that could all change as other people say symptoms come and go. You might have PMS-like symptoms such as fatigue, sore breasts, and morning sickness. But if it is really scarp then have it checked out.I had a scan at 8 weeks and all was fine, then about 2 weeks later i had really bad paing, like stapping pains/hunger pains in the upper adonimal area with no bleeding, then at 11 weeks, there was alittle spotting, so i went along to the ER and the heart was not beating, they said it measured 9w 2d, so 2 . Veja aqui Remedios Naturais, Curas Caseiras, sobre 5 weeks pregnant and no symptoms mumsnet. Hi all 7 weeks pregnant not really had any sickness as i did with my first and just feel fine apart from sore boobs and occasional rough feeling after eating. Weight has come off, fingers look like starting to swell, No acistes just very skinny - she has lost so much weight over past 6 months. 4 weeks pregnant with low back ache. Want To Start Your Own Blog But Don't Know How To? This hair may change in texture and colour once they're born. 'not pregnant' on clear blue digital but three lines inside? mary steenburgen photographic memory. im 12wks 5 days. 5 weeks pregnant: What to expect. Hi everyone,Ive had a mmc & 2 chemical pregnancies so as you can imagine Im so scared of something going wrong with this pregnancy. xx. You should schedule your first prenatal care appointmen t if you havent already. Jamie August 20, 2017 at 12:48 pm. Is your 12 week scan soon? , All ive had is high sense of smell bloating and back pain. AshleyL. Whatever tiredness you encountered in the last few weeks will remain, if not increase. you need to think positive and be happy!! The embryo is curved and has a tail, and looks a bit like a small tadpole. Thought I was going to get off quite lightly but perhaps not! Early pregnancy signs and symptoms. I was convinced something was wrong to be told we were having twins! Pregnancy after the age of 30, through fertility treatments, or if you have a history of twins, increases your chances of having twins. Day 2 - The second day is crucial because this is the time when the embryo begins to attach itself to the uterine lining.
Wilmington, Nc Obituaries Past 30 Days, Articles OTHER
Wilmington, Nc Obituaries Past 30 Days, Articles OTHER